Immigration And The United States - 2151 Words

Immigration is one of the most heated topics in the U.S. political and social agenda and usually evokes strong polar opinions in the American society, in part due to its complex composition of peoples and cultures. It is precisely due to this fact, that the interpreters and translators working in the field of Immigration must be familiar not only with the basic types of immigration hearings, but have an understanding of the history of Immigration in the United States, different types of visas and statuses as well as paths to Permanent Residency and Citizenship. This Unit will provide you with the condensed knowledge of the main events in the United States history, explain the difference between the numerous types of visas and inform you†¦show more content†¦1. HISTORY OF IMMIGRATION The United States of America has a rich immigration history, dating back to the 18th century, where there were virtually no immigration restrictions, making the U.S. a kaleidoscope of ethnic and cultural groups it is today. Following the Civil War, several U.S. states made initial attempts in regulating immigration, which led to the 1875 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court to make the immigration a federal responsibility, thus launching a chain of Immigration laws and regulations leading us to today. The first immigration law, the Page Act of 1875 (aka the Asian Exclusion Act) was passed in 1875 and prohibited the importation of Asian contract workers, any Asian women who would engage in prostitution and everybody who is considered to be a convict in their own county. The Page Act of 1875 was followed by the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, which prohibited Chinese contract laborers to immigrate to the United States, as well as Alien Contract Labor laws of 1885 and 1887, both of which broadened the laborers exclusion list. Soon after, the increasingly complex immigration laws established by the federal government led to the creation of the Office of the Superintendent of Immigration within the Treasure Department. The newly organized government office inspected, admitted or rejected as well as processed all the newly arriving immigrants. January 2nd, 1892 marked the opening of the famous immigration station located on Ellis Island in the

Developing A Specialized Not For Profit Advocacy Group

Our solution is to develop a specialized not-for profit advocacy group, which focuses on policy change and bridging the gap between local government, non-profits, and the federal government. Furthermore, we will fill the void within these entities with additional resources. Our group will be composed of a full-time paid staff, a board of specialized individuals (ex. Lawyers, professors, government officials), and a network of community volunteers. Our staff will handle the day-to-day operations necessary for an efficiently run business, while our board of specialized individuals will donate their time/services for tasks outside the capabilities of staff members (on an as needed basis). The group of community volunteers will be a tremendous asset to the advocacy group, by providing services to those facing hardship from unemployment. Regardless of a person’s position, paid or unpaid, each member of our advocacy group will work as partners of the organization. It will function a s a democratic body, as opposed to the bureaucratic structure mostly seen in government and nonprofit agencies. Our advocacy group focuses on 3 aspects to aid in reducing unemployment- 1) Implantation of resources for the general unemployment population; 2) Acting as â€Å"the middleman† between government and the private sector services; 3) Policy Reform. Newark has many nonprofits that assist with career services, job matching, and training, however they are specialized for particular groups of people. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Quaker Oats Company1380 Words   |  6 Pagesprimarily numbers-oriented estimates of income and requirements of capital. Mr. Robert D. Stuart Jr. announced in September 1970 announce the reorganization of management structure. The reorganization decentralized all operation into four major profit centers. Harry Ambrose had been appointed The Quaker Oats Company’s director-long-range planning. An MBA with nine years of managerial experience but no previous exposure to the management of formal planning systems, in early 1971 Mr. Ambrose hadRead MoreCritical Thinking : Project Management1269 Words   |  6 Pagesdetails on the phrase â€Å"project management†, and not surprisingly the site with the largest number of hits from public search engines, is the Project Management Institute’s (PMI) website. They describe themselves as the, â€Å"world s leading not-for-profit professional membership association for the project, program and portfolio management profession† (About Us, n.d.). In effect PMI is a leading resource for all things related to project management. Many people’s first experience with PMI comesRead MoreRole of Ngo in Environmental Management1783 Words   |  8 Pagesnational and community based self help groups. They include research centres, religious institutions and professional associations. Based on their functioning NGOs can be divided in two distinct categories. Operational NGOs. Such organizations work for the betterment of humanity through practical application of their resources and abilities. They under take welfare measures, development projects and assists the governments and its agencies in crises management. Advocacy NGOs. This type of NGOs are moreRead MoreAnthony Bugg Levine : A Global Leader World Economic Forum1741 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment, management consulting, economic development, strategic communication, policy analysis, venture capital and community outreach to name the few. He is also a member of ESG investing, Stanford social innovation review, SROI Canada, the Syneidesis group, SROI Network, Maxipact, Social Capital Markets, Impact investing forum, Youth and Elders project, Mission Markets, Trust Across America and Responsible investors. The main focus of this book is about impact investing through private equity and ventureRead MoreNike Is A Public Relations Catastrophe1485 Words   |  6 Pagessuch hardship of making Nike products cannot to even protect their bodies from toxic chemicals and respiratory problems. What options do workers have? Well, according an interview conducted by the Associated Press, one woman employed by Pou Chen Group factory in Sukabumi said, â€Å"We’re powerless†¦our only choice is to stay and suffer, or speak out and be fired.† Another woman—Mira Agustina—stated she was fired from the Pou Chen factory after providing a doctor’s note and taking a sick leave (HuffingtonRead MoreThe Concept of ‘Just Development’3541 Words   |  15 PagesNON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS There is a great diversity of agencies and organizations that call themselves NGOs. These organizations include among others trade unions, savings clubs, consumer and farmer cooperatives, law associations, environmental advocacy groups, community development organizations to mention but a few. It is because of such diversity and different objectives such organizations engage in that makes it difficult to give a clear universal definition of what an NGO is. In fact, definitionsRead MoreInterest Groups in Texas Essay1457 Words   |  6 Pagesessay I will compare and contrast the different legislative agendas of various interest groups involved with the Texas Government. An interest group (also called an advocacy group, lobbying group, pressure group, or special interest) is a collection of members that are determined to encourage or prevent changes in public policy without trying to be elected. The essay will discuss the four kinds of interest groups, trade, professional, single and public, as well as provide one detailed example of eachRead MoreTheoretical Framework on- Non Governmental Organisations and International Non Governmental Organisations (Support Base, Funding Pattern and Relation with State)9266 Words   |  38 PagesLeague of Nations and the United Nations, many specialized agencies, both regional and specialized, are created. In addition scores of public international organizations, concerned with almost every conceivable aspect of international relations, hundred and thousands of private international organizations like International Red cross or the Rotary International or the International Chamber of Commerce, etc headed namely under Non-Governmental/Non-Profit Organizations have been created.(Cheever andRead MoreFinancial Management in Nonprofit Organizations Essay1896 Words   |  8 PagesManagement in Nonprofit Organizations Financial Management in Nonprofit Organizations Executive Summary Successful management of a not-for-profit organization requires providing high-quality service, but at the same time, careful administration - to reduce expenses and automate processes are ongoing requirements. Each type of not-for-profit organization has unique management needs. For example: †¢ Social service and government agencies require meticulous reporting practices, essentialRead MoreAmerican Red Cross Essay2643 Words   |  11 Pagesstudy intends to focus on the section 501 (c) (3). The section specifically enlightens the prospects through which the tax exemption may be applied. International Committee of Red Cross (commonly known as Red Cross) was established in 1863 as a non-profit social organization. Red Cross works under the head of The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, which is the world’s largest humanitarian network. Main objective of the Red Cross is to protect life and health, assuage human suffering

Information Technology Outsourcing Management Free Essays

What is IT outsourcing? IT outsourcing is an arrangement in which a company subcontracts its information technology related activities to be executed by a different company. In the past several decades, as the role of information technology grew in the performance of a company, the fixed cost of maintaining up and running IT facilities and staffs was increasing as well. Therefore outsourcing solution was derived from companies’ need to achieve superior performance of IT functions with minimum amount of cost. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Technology Outsourcing Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Major classifications of IT functions that companies outsource are infrastructure and applications. Infrastructure outsourcing refers to a company resolving its entire IT activities handled by a contracted vendor company on the company’s behalf. Application outsourcing stands for a company subcontracting only its core IT applications such as ERP systems, document management systems or Business intelligence applications with service provider. Benefits and Risks Although it is obvious that primary cause of increasing trend of outsourcing is a cost factor, many other benefits come along with outsourcing. Outsourcing allows companies to shift their whole attention on the quality of their core activities without facing the vulnerability of poor level of IT performance. Because no matter what industry a company is in, cost and pressure of having in-house IT solutions require the company to be an expert in IT industry which is difficult to achieve for any size organizations especially for entrepreneurs and small businesses, slowing down their productivity as well as slowing down the economy. Subcontracting IT activities to a specialized vendor company is indeed a win-win situation for the both end, enabling the organization to upgrade its IT performance and providing business to the vendor company. Moreover, with outsourcing, organizations can get access to variable IT skills and knowledge which potentially can improve their efficiency, and outsourcing makes accommodating any new IT innovations or changes in any industry easier to handle for organizations. Needless to mention the benefits of savings on investments in IT related infrastructure which can be spent towards organizations’ business expansion or something equally important. The benefits mentioned above can be substantial only if outsourcing is practiced arefully with good management. Otherwise, oversights of important issues can bring significant complications to the organizations. Based on the stories of unsuccessful outsourcing practices, the most considerable problems the organizations encounter are the lack of integration between vendor and client, hidden costs of training, miscalculation of proficiency of the vendor company, and sometimes differentiation of the client company can be compromised since the v endor company could be serving the competitor company as well. In terms of a company outsourcing its entire IT department from a service provider company, implementation of good collaboration and communication with each other often requires some time and patience from both sides due to the differences of cultural, geographical and preferred business practices. The fact that knowledge transfer is the most important term in IT outsourcing implies the integration process of vendor and client companies is more virtual than physical. That is why the people problems such as different interpretations of the contract, conflicts of two cultures and lack of preparation for integrated operation occur very often and if ignored, they could result negative impacts on both companies. Legal, economic, geographical and political environments of the country in which the client company outsources its IT activities are the most important but often ignored factors. When the host countries face civil war or natural disaster happens, the recovery costs the companies encounter are usually incalculable. IT outsourcing best practices Through weighting the positive and negative impacts of outsourcing carefully and planning the shifting process step by step, companies can successfully implement outsourcing to its daily business practices and convert it to one of its competitive advantages easily. Recommended best practices of IT outsourcing usually focus on good management and good assessment of choosing the partner. Maintaining good communication with your service provider before and after signing on the contract is also an essential part of setting up a sustainable IT solution for any company. Every company and every project has its own uniqueness therefore the service provider understands the detailed requirement is necessary. And the difficulties both side face due to the cultural and geographical differences can be resolved by committing to good communication. For example leaders of both sides should agree on set, clear objectives and stay committed to them when circumstances change. Although the cost reduction is the primary motive of outsourcing, overdoing it can compromise the organizations’ core activities. In today’s globalizing world, importance of maintaining good IT performance is greater than ever to the organizations’ wellbeing so that pursuing the lowest cost can have its own price. The reason why is that the vendor companies are also business institutions depending on their profits therefore in order to meet the client’s cost requirement they sometimes cut corners such as hiring under qualified staffs which consequently affect the quality of the client companies’ operation. In order to make the integration process easier, the outsourcers should put effort into finding compatible service providers. It is important to make sure that your service provider has organization cultures and preferred business practices similar to yours since they will become a part of the organization. Another essential outsourcing practice is to consider the service providers’ experience and capacities to assess whether they are skilled enough to maintain your company’s operation at all times. In terms of choosing their partner, organizations also should consider any expected future changes in the market and their future expansion plans as well as their competitors’ IT performance level. Political and social environments of the countries in which the vendor companies operate, should not be out of concern. Outsourcers should always be aware of the political situation of their host countries as well as social factors that could influence the quality of employees’ job performance. It is recommended to outsourcers to keep presence of representative on-site as a middle man so that they can have some kind of coordination over the execution of the IT activities. Representatives also work as a communication bridge between partners making sure each side understand their roles and responsibilities. Legal aspects Legal aspects of IT outsourcing might be the most complicated issues the enterprises encounter since it involves various types of laws such as international and domestic. International common laws such as Intellectual Property, Copyrights, Patent, Trade Secret, Privacy and Information security all need to be considered when a company makes an outsourcing related decision. Any outsourcing contract addresses the tangible and intangible issues and their legal implications as well as procedures in order to avoid lack of clarity. For example pricing is very important aspect of IT outsourcing contract and any possible uncertainty related to the pricing of service should be stated on the contract. Inflation, delays, manpower and material shortages and insolvency all must be concerned and put on the contract to regulate when situations mentioned above happens. Also outsourcing contract should be flexible to adjust any changes in performance, quality, and suitable to host country’s tax law, pension laws to solve staff related matters. Intangible issues on the other hand should be carefully thought through because they pose the highest risks on the organizations’ domestic and international operation. When companies outsource their entire or partial IT function, the risk of their customers’ valuable information such as social security numbers, medical history, credit card information to be exposed gets higher as well as their own internal secret information. A company must do risk assessment of the host country’s security environment by measuring how effective the laws referred to intellectual property, copyright, digital hacking and violation of privacy are. Unfortunately laws pertaining to privacy protection are not so effective in today’s most popular IT service provider countries such as China, India and Philippine. Therefore offshore IT centers and outsourcing companies must establish strong system together to protect themselves as well as their customers. Intellectual Property and Patent laws have strong presence in USA and European countries but they differ in host countries. Illegal use of one’s IT innovation such as software, source and know-how are not the front line concerns of governments of foreign countries right now, so outsourcers usually face tremendous risk of their intellectual property stolen and used against their products in the market. US companies’ trade secrets are also totally dependent on mutual trust and written agreements between two parts. There is no law enforcement system in the host countries to back up such written agreements. Basically, US companies pursuing offshore outsourcing as an IT strategy must consider domestic and international laws extremely and craft their outsourcing contracts focused on to minimize any risks they may encounter in unfamiliar legal environment. Sources: http://www. infoworld. com/d/adventures-in-it/13-best-practices-it-outsourcing-034? age=0,0 http://blog. everythingcu. com/2006/02/12/the-many-downsides-of-outsourcing/ http://www. cio. com/article/40380/Outsourcing_Definition_and_Solutions A Legal Perspective on Outsourcing and Offshoring, Sam Ramanujan; Sandhya Jane Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge; Mar 2006; 8, 2; ABI/INFORM Global Outsourcing best practices Outsourcing and Offshoring: The New IS Paradigm? , William R King Journal of Global Informat ion Technology Management; 2005; 8, 2; ABI/INFORM Global www. wikipedia. com How to cite Information Technology Outsourcing Management, Essay examples Information Technology Outsourcing Management Free Essays What is IT outsourcing? IT outsourcing is an arrangement in which a company subcontracts its information technology related activities to be executed by a different company. In the past several decades, as the role of information technology grew in the performance of a company, the fixed cost of maintaining up and running IT facilities and staffs was increasing as well. Therefore outsourcing solution was derived from companies’ need to achieve superior performance of IT functions with minimum amount of cost. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Technology Outsourcing Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Major classifications of IT functions that companies outsource are infrastructure and applications. Infrastructure outsourcing refers to a company resolving its entire IT activities handled by a contracted vendor company on the company’s behalf. Application outsourcing stands for a company subcontracting only its core IT applications such as ERP systems, document management systems or Business intelligence applications with service provider. Benefits and Risks Although it is obvious that primary cause of increasing trend of outsourcing is a cost factor, many other benefits come along with outsourcing. Outsourcing allows companies to shift their whole attention on the quality of their core activities without facing the vulnerability of poor level of IT performance. Because no matter what industry a company is in, cost and pressure of having in-house IT solutions require the company to be an expert in IT industry which is difficult to achieve for any size organizations especially for entrepreneurs and small businesses, slowing down their productivity as well as slowing down the economy. Subcontracting IT activities to a specialized vendor company is indeed a win-win situation for the both end, enabling the organization to upgrade its IT performance and providing business to the vendor company. Moreover, with outsourcing, organizations can get access to variable IT skills and knowledge which potentially can improve their efficiency, and outsourcing makes accommodating any new IT innovations or changes in any industry easier to handle for organizations. Needless to mention the benefits of savings on investments in IT related infrastructure which can be spent towards organizations’ business expansion or something equally important. The benefits mentioned above can be substantial only if outsourcing is practiced arefully with good management. Otherwise, oversights of important issues can bring significant complications to the organizations. Based on the stories of unsuccessful outsourcing practices, the most considerable problems the organizations encounter are the lack of integration between vendor and client, hidden costs of training, miscalculation of proficiency of the vendor company, and sometimes differentiation of the client company can be compromised since the v endor company could be serving the competitor company as well. In terms of a company outsourcing its entire IT department from a service provider company, implementation of good collaboration and communication with each other often requires some time and patience from both sides due to the differences of cultural, geographical and preferred business practices. The fact that knowledge transfer is the most important term in IT outsourcing implies the integration process of vendor and client companies is more virtual than physical. That is why the people problems such as different interpretations of the contract, conflicts of two cultures and lack of preparation for integrated operation occur very often and if ignored, they could result negative impacts on both companies. Legal, economic, geographical and political environments of the country in which the client company outsources its IT activities are the most important but often ignored factors. When the host countries face civil war or natural disaster happens, the recovery costs the companies encounter are usually incalculable. IT outsourcing best practices Through weighting the positive and negative impacts of outsourcing carefully and planning the shifting process step by step, companies can successfully implement outsourcing to its daily business practices and convert it to one of its competitive advantages easily. Recommended best practices of IT outsourcing usually focus on good management and good assessment of choosing the partner. Maintaining good communication with your service provider before and after signing on the contract is also an essential part of setting up a sustainable IT solution for any company. Every company and every project has its own uniqueness therefore the service provider understands the detailed requirement is necessary. And the difficulties both side face due to the cultural and geographical differences can be resolved by committing to good communication. For example leaders of both sides should agree on set, clear objectives and stay committed to them when circumstances change. Although the cost reduction is the primary motive of outsourcing, overdoing it can compromise the organizations’ core activities. In today’s globalizing world, importance of maintaining good IT performance is greater than ever to the organizations’ wellbeing so that pursuing the lowest cost can have its own price. The reason why is that the vendor companies are also business institutions depending on their profits therefore in order to meet the client’s cost requirement they sometimes cut corners such as hiring under qualified staffs which consequently affect the quality of the client companies’ operation. In order to make the integration process easier, the outsourcers should put effort into finding compatible service providers. It is important to make sure that your service provider has organization cultures and preferred business practices similar to yours since they will become a part of the organization. Another essential outsourcing practice is to consider the service providers’ experience and capacities to assess whether they are skilled enough to maintain your company’s operation at all times. In terms of choosing their partner, organizations also should consider any expected future changes in the market and their future expansion plans as well as their competitors’ IT performance level. Political and social environments of the countries in which the vendor companies operate, should not be out of concern. Outsourcers should always be aware of the political situation of their host countries as well as social factors that could influence the quality of employees’ job performance. It is recommended to outsourcers to keep presence of representative on-site as a middle man so that they can have some kind of coordination over the execution of the IT activities. Representatives also work as a communication bridge between partners making sure each side understand their roles and responsibilities. Legal aspects Legal aspects of IT outsourcing might be the most complicated issues the enterprises encounter since it involves various types of laws such as international and domestic. International common laws such as Intellectual Property, Copyrights, Patent, Trade Secret, Privacy and Information security all need to be considered when a company makes an outsourcing related decision. Any outsourcing contract addresses the tangible and intangible issues and their legal implications as well as procedures in order to avoid lack of clarity. For example pricing is very important aspect of IT outsourcing contract and any possible uncertainty related to the pricing of service should be stated on the contract. Inflation, delays, manpower and material shortages and insolvency all must be concerned and put on the contract to regulate when situations mentioned above happens. Also outsourcing contract should be flexible to adjust any changes in performance, quality, and suitable to host country’s tax law, pension laws to solve staff related matters. Intangible issues on the other hand should be carefully thought through because they pose the highest risks on the organizations’ domestic and international operation. When companies outsource their entire or partial IT function, the risk of their customers’ valuable information such as social security numbers, medical history, credit card information to be exposed gets higher as well as their own internal secret information. A company must do risk assessment of the host country’s security environment by measuring how effective the laws referred to intellectual property, copyright, digital hacking and violation of privacy are. Unfortunately laws pertaining to privacy protection are not so effective in today’s most popular IT service provider countries such as China, India and Philippine. Therefore offshore IT centers and outsourcing companies must establish strong system together to protect themselves as well as their customers. Intellectual Property and Patent laws have strong presence in USA and European countries but they differ in host countries. Illegal use of one’s IT innovation such as software, source and know-how are not the front line concerns of governments of foreign countries right now, so outsourcers usually face tremendous risk of their intellectual property stolen and used against their products in the market. US companies’ trade secrets are also totally dependent on mutual trust and written agreements between two parts. There is no law enforcement system in the host countries to back up such written agreements. Basically, US companies pursuing offshore outsourcing as an IT strategy must consider domestic and international laws extremely and craft their outsourcing contracts focused on to minimize any risks they may encounter in unfamiliar legal environment. Sources: http://www. infoworld. com/d/adventures-in-it/13-best-practices-it-outsourcing-034? age=0,0 http://blog. everythingcu. com/2006/02/12/the-many-downsides-of-outsourcing/ http://www. cio. com/article/40380/Outsourcing_Definition_and_Solutions A Legal Perspective on Outsourcing and Offshoring, Sam Ramanujan; Sandhya Jane Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge; Mar 2006; 8, 2; ABI/INFORM Global Outsourcing best practices Outsourcing and Offshoring: The New IS Paradigm? , William R King Journal of Global Informat ion Technology Management; 2005; 8, 2; ABI/INFORM Global www. wikipedia. com How to cite Information Technology Outsourcing Management, Essays