Welfare Argumentative Paper Essay Example for Free

Government assistance Argumentative Paper Essay Government assistance in the United States started during the 1930’s during the extraordinary sorrow to support families and people with next to zero salary with help. â€Å"Many Americans were discontent with the government assistance framework, asserting that people were manhandling the government assistance program by not going after positions, having more youngsters just to get more guide, and remaining unmarried in order to fit the bill for more noteworthy advantages. (welfareinfo.org)† The inquiry today is whether medication testing for government assistance beneficiaries ought to be permitted. Medication testing for people applying for government money help ought to be obligatory before help is conceded. Anybody ready to go after a position or joining the military is dependent upon irregular medication tests. Anybody that works and pays charges helps the government assistance framework. The explanation testing could be advocated would be how much extortion is commonly discovered every year alone without medicate testing and just by sensible suspecion. â€Å"The Office of Inspector General (OIG) recognized $16.67 million in misrepresentation during Fiscal Year (FY)2011 inside different Michigan open help program areas† (michigan.gov). Medication testing would set aside the administration cash and help circulate the advantages more to the individuals who really need it, by denying the individuals who neglect to pass a medication screening while applying. A large number of the laws purposed would not deny advantages to the wards the individual may have, quite recently the individual applying. The dependent(s) would in any case get the vital assistance. Additionally the individual who bombed the medication test or has an evident issue with lawful substance misuse could be provided the right guidance for treatment and get their lives moving back the correct way. Medication testing is ridiculous, insufficient, conceivably illegal, and most noticeably terrible of all being prejudicial. Other than it being an intrusion of protection, it’s infringing upon the fourth amendment. Utilizing illegal medications may not be the explanation they are applying for government assistance. Individuals have a decision where they need to work, yet not generally a decision to require government assistance. Likewise not every person that is in need has a medication issue or takes drugs. The expense to test each candidate would exceed the sum spared d enying benefits for the individuals who tried positive. There are choices to sedate screening that would cost less and right now a piece of the applying procedure. Medication testing is a positive advance towards numerous things in the government assistance region, similarly as with any activity anybody is dependent upon arbitrary medication testing, for what reason should government assistance be absolved? As of now if sensible doubt was supported an individual would need to present a test in any case. The advantages appear, in 2011, Florida passed the law HB 353 requiring all candidates for TANF advantages to be tried. Candidates must be told of the medication testing necessity at the hour of utilization, and are required to pay for the test. In the event that they test negative the candidate will be repaid for the expense by adding the sum to their advantage check. The outcomes from the primary quarter of the law being passed (July-September) show the sensational effect of Florida’s tranquilize testing prerequisite for candidates for government assistance money help. The prerequisite has prompted a 48 percent drop in month to month endorsements, a general medication related disavowal pace of 19 percent, and nearly $1.8 million in reserve funds to citizens. Refusals differ enormously by area, with in any event one of every three candidates being denied for a medication related explanation in 11 regions and no medication related disavowals in another ten provinces (floridafga.org). This model shows the capability of reserve funds for the administration and citizens and furthermore progressively accessible assets to the ones truly out of luck. Medication testing candidates has numerous defects with regards to demonstrating in the event that somebody may have an issue or is in any event, utilizing illicit medications. Medication testing negl ects to show the greatest legitimate substances being mishandled by individuals on or off government assistance in America, nicotine and liquor. Medication testing isn’t even idea of with regards to joblessness or applying for school budgetary guide. Medication tests regularly neglect to show the consequences of individuals who are utilizing increasingly addictive and progressively risky medications like heroin, methamphetamine, or cocaine, which can leave the body’s framework very quickly or two or three days. Medication testing may have it defects, however few out of every odd individual accomplishes increasingly addictive and risky medications. In the event that one was doing those kinds of medications they would require in excess of a money help program to accommodate their propensity. School money related guide or joblessness is barred on the grounds that the individuals were either at one time working and got laid off or harmed, and is in school to better themsel ves for a superior activity over the long haul. Medication testing candidates may likewise help elevate individuals to remain off medications, just as distinguish individuals who may have an issue. The greatest issue with individuals having a medication issue is being precluded from work for sedate maltreatment. Medication testing candidates would additionally help somebody who may require help yet doesn’t realize how to get spotless, or the correct course towards the right assist they with expecting to remain liberated from drugs. Being liberated from medications would then assistance somebody not need government assistance since they would have the option to find a normal line of work in the work world, in this manner setting aside the administration more cash over the long haul. The United States is by all accounts the main nation with the issue of medication testing, yet this could be a positive thing that could impact different nations around the globe. The government assistance program isn’t about helping individuals with tranquilize issues get the right assistance they need; it’s about aiding those needing help when they are low pay or incapable to manage the cost of their present circumstance. A bill passed would drive medicate screening yet more than likely not get the individual the right assistance if there was an issue. The principle objective is precluding individuals help in light of the fact that from claiming testing positive for drugs. Medication testing for people applying for government money help ought to be compulsory before help is conceded. Drug testing people for qualification of government help has numerous advantages and disadvantages. With a large number of the qualities being that it will help the assets that are accessible to help those individuals really out of luck, and not helping individuals that don’t need assistance since they can deceive the framework. Citizens go through a great d eal of cash to help bolster the government assistance framework and many need to see the ones that can bear to purchase drugs or other unnecessary things not be a piece of the condition. Another positive thing could be finding support to the individuals who really have a medication issue so they don’t need to apply for government assistance and can go have a satisfying activity and life. In any case, with all the qualities will come similarly the same number of shortcomings. A considerable lot of the shortcomings originate from tranquilize testing itself to be unethical. The expense and guideline of medication testing could likewise impede the advantages of the program, causing a deficiency at long last by and large. A large number of the medications tried will be unable to be screened appropriately, with the 2 generally mishandled drugs legitimate being liquor and nicotine. Not every person that is low salary has a medication issue or takes drugs. The misinterpretation see g eneral society has of low salary individuals is they simply need to get free cash and not need to work. I think the issue despite everything remains that individuals do mishandle the government assistance framework, and medication testing can help in part of making things all the more reasonable for those really out of luck. That is only a venturing stone in a greater generally speaking arrangement of the defective government assistance framework. One may scrutinize their ethics before settling on whether they really need assistance, and afterward choose what the best activity is. Be that as it may, not every person has great ethics or even inquiries them when certain occasions present themselves. List of sources durantdemocrat.com. (n.d.). Recovered from durantdemocrat.com: http://www.durantdemocrat.com/see/full_story/17375795/article-Why-Mandatory-Drug-Testing-for-Welfare-Recipients-isn't right %E2%80%93-FiscallyLegallyand-Morally-floridafga.org. (n.d.). Recovered from floridafga.org: http://www.floridafga.org/2011/10/floridas-medicate test-law-for-government assistance money help first-quarter-realities 2/michigan.gov. (n.d.). Recovered from http://www.michigan.gov/records/dhs/OIG_2011Annual_Report_384513_7.pdf. NCSL. (n.d.). Recovered from NCSL: http://www.ncsl.org/issues-inquire about/human-administrations/tranquilize testing-and-open assistance.aspx welfareinfo.org. (n.d.). Recovered from welfareinfo.org.

Drug, Crime, Prohibition Essay -- essays research papers

Medications, Crime and Prohibition Do sedates truly cause wrongdoing, or is it our administrations method of controlling the networks? Numerous individuals censure drugs for each issue in our general public, yet is it the genuine wickedness in our general public? Nobody individual can respond to that question. There are just suppositions and assumed speculations on this issue. We have been educated throughout the years that medications were awful and that they just influenced poor people and less blessed, and transformed them into insane crooks, yet this isn’t consistent with any degree. The laws controlling and restricting medications are the genuine reasons. Would our wrongdoing levels decay if drugs were sanctioned somewhat, or would we simply build the annihilation of our nation? In the course of recent years, restriction has been demonstrated to really build wrongdoing and medication use rather than its planned reason, which was to douse the utilization of unlawful medications in the United States. We cont inually here of jail congestion, and why would that be? The majority of our jails are loaded up with sedate wrongdoers, extending from use to appropriation of assumed illegal medications. What is our nation coming to? The reason for this exploration paper is to see the focal points and inconveniences of the sanctioning of unlawful medications in the United States. I will inspect each side of this serious issue tormenting our fine nation from past to introduce. Individuals wake regularly to their typical and dull existence without considering what they are doing. They don't understand that they have been adapted by the legislature and its laws to obey and follow the alleged standard of society. What is the standards of society, and who set the rules for them? Nobody can clarify how these standards came to fruition, they just realize that they should tail them, or they could get in a difficult situation with the law. We are going into the twenty first century, we despite everything ob serve laws that were spent many years back. Why would that be? We are an exceptionally propelled nation, yet we invest energy, lives and cash on submitting to laws that were around before the car was even created. I will start with the historical backdrop of our medication control approaches, which have bombed wretchedly, and look at the medication wrongdoing association. Arrangement History Drugs have been in this nation since the very beginning in some shape or structure, which was utilized for individual and therapeutic use. Use of maryjane has been accounted for to go back to the establishing of Jamestown (1). Ge... ...ugh a medication scourge. Medication related homicides and vicious ambushes are on the ascent, however this isn’t brought about by drugs, rather by the laws that forbid them. By disallowing drugs, we are just making the costs of medication rise, which means addicts must reason wrongdoings to help their propensity. The unlawful medication exchange advertise is the second biggest business on the planet, acquiring more than 500 billion dollars per year. Opposers of legitimization contend that tobacco and liquor slaughter more as a result of its lawfulness and availability(3 ). The arrangement in their eyes is in instruction and early avoidance. Medication use among America’s youngsters in on the ascent, and instruction is an ideal legitimate method of bringing down their use. Kids should be encouraged the impacts and perils of medications when they are youthful. Kids are the future medication abusers if something isn’t done. Savagery and medications are believed to be one in the equivalent in many people groups eyes, however is this valid. Medications don't transform individuals into beasts, but instead draw out their criminal propensities. Nobody contends that authorization would end brutality that is related with drugs, however it would essentially end the viciousness related with the underground market. Numerous vendors become sellers

Using a Reward System to Improve ADHD Behavior

Using a Reward System to Improve ADHD Behavior ADHD Treatment Print Using a Reward System to Improve ADHD Behavior By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Updated on January 07, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Do a great job and you get a prize!  Sound familiar? This approach to behavioral management is used everywhere, for adults and children â€" whether at home or at school, in the workplace or in the gym. When its used consistently and in a structured manner for children with special needs, it is often called behavior management.   Behavior management is really just as simple as it sounds: Identify the problem behaviors that should be changedEstablish a set of rewards to be earned for good behaviorStick to the plan Most of the time, behavior management systems are set up by specialists in a school setting. Ideally, they are supported at home so that children receive the same messages in different situations. 1. Identify Target Behaviors The first step is to identify the behaviors you want to see and the behaviors you want to decrease or eliminate. Clearly defined target behaviors work best. Ideally, the behaviors should be concrete, measurable, and easy to identify. For example: Good: Raise your hand rather than blurting out answers in Math class today. Bad: Stop blurting. 2. Identify Effective Rewards Rewards need to be motivating to be effective. Its important to identify what the child actually wants, by asking or through observation. Often, a reward can take the form of an opportunity to do something desirable â€" stand at the head of a line, make announcements over the loudspeaker, etc. â€" but it can also be something concrete such as a toy or cookie. For older children, it can be helpful to implement a token system: a child earns a sticker for each period of good behavior.  When a certain number of stickers are earned the reward is implemented. In the past, consequences were also a part of behavior management programs, but in general, a reward/no reward program is preferable. If consequences are implemented, they must be carefully selected to be a disincentive to the child without creating more problems than they solve. For example, taking recess away from a hyperactive child can create serious problems; having a child stay after school may actually feel like a reward in some cases. 3. Enforce the Plan In order for a behavior modification plan to be successful, it must be consistently enforced. Rewards and consequences should be given as soon as possible after the target behavior has occurred. Negative behaviors must receive consequences immediately, as well (if consequences are a part of the plan). Frequent monitoring and feedback are also helpful, as is implementing the plan across settings such as school/work and home. Behavioral Interventions for Adults Adults can also benefit from a reward system. It is easy to get bogged down with the negative aspects of ADHD. Encouragement, focusing on the positive, and rewarding yourself for successes are all important strategies. Use lists to help keep yourself focused and on track. Check off each item as you complete a task. Set up a color-coding system to help keep you organized. Use a daily schedule or planner, use Post-its or dry erase board for reminder notes. No matter what age, people with ADHD can benefit from regularly scheduled breaks, frequent feedback, work given in small increments, reduce clutter and distractions, increased time to complete the work, and help in organizing tasks. These are all ways to have an influence on your environment, structuring it to give yourself the best opportunity for success.

Immigration And The United States - 2151 Words

Immigration is one of the most heated topics in the U.S. political and social agenda and usually evokes strong polar opinions in the American society, in part due to its complex composition of peoples and cultures. It is precisely due to this fact, that the interpreters and translators working in the field of Immigration must be familiar not only with the basic types of immigration hearings, but have an understanding of the history of Immigration in the United States, different types of visas and statuses as well as paths to Permanent Residency and Citizenship. This Unit will provide you with the condensed knowledge of the main events in the United States history, explain the difference between the numerous types of visas and inform you†¦show more content†¦1. HISTORY OF IMMIGRATION The United States of America has a rich immigration history, dating back to the 18th century, where there were virtually no immigration restrictions, making the U.S. a kaleidoscope of ethnic and cultural groups it is today. Following the Civil War, several U.S. states made initial attempts in regulating immigration, which led to the 1875 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court to make the immigration a federal responsibility, thus launching a chain of Immigration laws and regulations leading us to today. The first immigration law, the Page Act of 1875 (aka the Asian Exclusion Act) was passed in 1875 and prohibited the importation of Asian contract workers, any Asian women who would engage in prostitution and everybody who is considered to be a convict in their own county. The Page Act of 1875 was followed by the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, which prohibited Chinese contract laborers to immigrate to the United States, as well as Alien Contract Labor laws of 1885 and 1887, both of which broadened the laborers exclusion list. Soon after, the increasingly complex immigration laws established by the federal government led to the creation of the Office of the Superintendent of Immigration within the Treasure Department. The newly organized government office inspected, admitted or rejected as well as processed all the newly arriving immigrants. January 2nd, 1892 marked the opening of the famous immigration station located on Ellis Island in the

Developing A Specialized Not For Profit Advocacy Group

Our solution is to develop a specialized not-for profit advocacy group, which focuses on policy change and bridging the gap between local government, non-profits, and the federal government. Furthermore, we will fill the void within these entities with additional resources. Our group will be composed of a full-time paid staff, a board of specialized individuals (ex. Lawyers, professors, government officials), and a network of community volunteers. Our staff will handle the day-to-day operations necessary for an efficiently run business, while our board of specialized individuals will donate their time/services for tasks outside the capabilities of staff members (on an as needed basis). The group of community volunteers will be a tremendous asset to the advocacy group, by providing services to those facing hardship from unemployment. Regardless of a person’s position, paid or unpaid, each member of our advocacy group will work as partners of the organization. It will function a s a democratic body, as opposed to the bureaucratic structure mostly seen in government and nonprofit agencies. Our advocacy group focuses on 3 aspects to aid in reducing unemployment- 1) Implantation of resources for the general unemployment population; 2) Acting as â€Å"the middleman† between government and the private sector services; 3) Policy Reform. Newark has many nonprofits that assist with career services, job matching, and training, however they are specialized for particular groups of people. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Quaker Oats Company1380 Words   |  6 Pagesprimarily numbers-oriented estimates of income and requirements of capital. Mr. Robert D. Stuart Jr. announced in September 1970 announce the reorganization of management structure. The reorganization decentralized all operation into four major profit centers. Harry Ambrose had been appointed The Quaker Oats Company’s director-long-range planning. 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Information Technology Outsourcing Management Free Essays

What is IT outsourcing? IT outsourcing is an arrangement in which a company subcontracts its information technology related activities to be executed by a different company. In the past several decades, as the role of information technology grew in the performance of a company, the fixed cost of maintaining up and running IT facilities and staffs was increasing as well. Therefore outsourcing solution was derived from companies’ need to achieve superior performance of IT functions with minimum amount of cost. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Technology Outsourcing Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Major classifications of IT functions that companies outsource are infrastructure and applications. Infrastructure outsourcing refers to a company resolving its entire IT activities handled by a contracted vendor company on the company’s behalf. Application outsourcing stands for a company subcontracting only its core IT applications such as ERP systems, document management systems or Business intelligence applications with service provider. Benefits and Risks Although it is obvious that primary cause of increasing trend of outsourcing is a cost factor, many other benefits come along with outsourcing. Outsourcing allows companies to shift their whole attention on the quality of their core activities without facing the vulnerability of poor level of IT performance. Because no matter what industry a company is in, cost and pressure of having in-house IT solutions require the company to be an expert in IT industry which is difficult to achieve for any size organizations especially for entrepreneurs and small businesses, slowing down their productivity as well as slowing down the economy. Subcontracting IT activities to a specialized vendor company is indeed a win-win situation for the both end, enabling the organization to upgrade its IT performance and providing business to the vendor company. Moreover, with outsourcing, organizations can get access to variable IT skills and knowledge which potentially can improve their efficiency, and outsourcing makes accommodating any new IT innovations or changes in any industry easier to handle for organizations. Needless to mention the benefits of savings on investments in IT related infrastructure which can be spent towards organizations’ business expansion or something equally important. The benefits mentioned above can be substantial only if outsourcing is practiced arefully with good management. Otherwise, oversights of important issues can bring significant complications to the organizations. Based on the stories of unsuccessful outsourcing practices, the most considerable problems the organizations encounter are the lack of integration between vendor and client, hidden costs of training, miscalculation of proficiency of the vendor company, and sometimes differentiation of the client company can be compromised since the v endor company could be serving the competitor company as well. In terms of a company outsourcing its entire IT department from a service provider company, implementation of good collaboration and communication with each other often requires some time and patience from both sides due to the differences of cultural, geographical and preferred business practices. The fact that knowledge transfer is the most important term in IT outsourcing implies the integration process of vendor and client companies is more virtual than physical. That is why the people problems such as different interpretations of the contract, conflicts of two cultures and lack of preparation for integrated operation occur very often and if ignored, they could result negative impacts on both companies. Legal, economic, geographical and political environments of the country in which the client company outsources its IT activities are the most important but often ignored factors. When the host countries face civil war or natural disaster happens, the recovery costs the companies encounter are usually incalculable. IT outsourcing best practices Through weighting the positive and negative impacts of outsourcing carefully and planning the shifting process step by step, companies can successfully implement outsourcing to its daily business practices and convert it to one of its competitive advantages easily. Recommended best practices of IT outsourcing usually focus on good management and good assessment of choosing the partner. Maintaining good communication with your service provider before and after signing on the contract is also an essential part of setting up a sustainable IT solution for any company. Every company and every project has its own uniqueness therefore the service provider understands the detailed requirement is necessary. And the difficulties both side face due to the cultural and geographical differences can be resolved by committing to good communication. For example leaders of both sides should agree on set, clear objectives and stay committed to them when circumstances change. Although the cost reduction is the primary motive of outsourcing, overdoing it can compromise the organizations’ core activities. In today’s globalizing world, importance of maintaining good IT performance is greater than ever to the organizations’ wellbeing so that pursuing the lowest cost can have its own price. The reason why is that the vendor companies are also business institutions depending on their profits therefore in order to meet the client’s cost requirement they sometimes cut corners such as hiring under qualified staffs which consequently affect the quality of the client companies’ operation. In order to make the integration process easier, the outsourcers should put effort into finding compatible service providers. It is important to make sure that your service provider has organization cultures and preferred business practices similar to yours since they will become a part of the organization. Another essential outsourcing practice is to consider the service providers’ experience and capacities to assess whether they are skilled enough to maintain your company’s operation at all times. In terms of choosing their partner, organizations also should consider any expected future changes in the market and their future expansion plans as well as their competitors’ IT performance level. Political and social environments of the countries in which the vendor companies operate, should not be out of concern. Outsourcers should always be aware of the political situation of their host countries as well as social factors that could influence the quality of employees’ job performance. It is recommended to outsourcers to keep presence of representative on-site as a middle man so that they can have some kind of coordination over the execution of the IT activities. Representatives also work as a communication bridge between partners making sure each side understand their roles and responsibilities. Legal aspects Legal aspects of IT outsourcing might be the most complicated issues the enterprises encounter since it involves various types of laws such as international and domestic. International common laws such as Intellectual Property, Copyrights, Patent, Trade Secret, Privacy and Information security all need to be considered when a company makes an outsourcing related decision. Any outsourcing contract addresses the tangible and intangible issues and their legal implications as well as procedures in order to avoid lack of clarity. For example pricing is very important aspect of IT outsourcing contract and any possible uncertainty related to the pricing of service should be stated on the contract. Inflation, delays, manpower and material shortages and insolvency all must be concerned and put on the contract to regulate when situations mentioned above happens. Also outsourcing contract should be flexible to adjust any changes in performance, quality, and suitable to host country’s tax law, pension laws to solve staff related matters. Intangible issues on the other hand should be carefully thought through because they pose the highest risks on the organizations’ domestic and international operation. When companies outsource their entire or partial IT function, the risk of their customers’ valuable information such as social security numbers, medical history, credit card information to be exposed gets higher as well as their own internal secret information. A company must do risk assessment of the host country’s security environment by measuring how effective the laws referred to intellectual property, copyright, digital hacking and violation of privacy are. Unfortunately laws pertaining to privacy protection are not so effective in today’s most popular IT service provider countries such as China, India and Philippine. Therefore offshore IT centers and outsourcing companies must establish strong system together to protect themselves as well as their customers. Intellectual Property and Patent laws have strong presence in USA and European countries but they differ in host countries. Illegal use of one’s IT innovation such as software, source and know-how are not the front line concerns of governments of foreign countries right now, so outsourcers usually face tremendous risk of their intellectual property stolen and used against their products in the market. US companies’ trade secrets are also totally dependent on mutual trust and written agreements between two parts. There is no law enforcement system in the host countries to back up such written agreements. Basically, US companies pursuing offshore outsourcing as an IT strategy must consider domestic and international laws extremely and craft their outsourcing contracts focused on to minimize any risks they may encounter in unfamiliar legal environment. Sources: http://www. infoworld. com/d/adventures-in-it/13-best-practices-it-outsourcing-034? age=0,0 http://blog. everythingcu. com/2006/02/12/the-many-downsides-of-outsourcing/ http://www. cio. com/article/40380/Outsourcing_Definition_and_Solutions A Legal Perspective on Outsourcing and Offshoring, Sam Ramanujan; Sandhya Jane Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge; Mar 2006; 8, 2; ABI/INFORM Global Outsourcing best practices Outsourcing and Offshoring: The New IS Paradigm? , William R King Journal of Global Informat ion Technology Management; 2005; 8, 2; ABI/INFORM Global www. wikipedia. com How to cite Information Technology Outsourcing Management, Essay examples Information Technology Outsourcing Management Free Essays What is IT outsourcing? IT outsourcing is an arrangement in which a company subcontracts its information technology related activities to be executed by a different company. In the past several decades, as the role of information technology grew in the performance of a company, the fixed cost of maintaining up and running IT facilities and staffs was increasing as well. Therefore outsourcing solution was derived from companies’ need to achieve superior performance of IT functions with minimum amount of cost. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Technology Outsourcing Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Major classifications of IT functions that companies outsource are infrastructure and applications. Infrastructure outsourcing refers to a company resolving its entire IT activities handled by a contracted vendor company on the company’s behalf. Application outsourcing stands for a company subcontracting only its core IT applications such as ERP systems, document management systems or Business intelligence applications with service provider. Benefits and Risks Although it is obvious that primary cause of increasing trend of outsourcing is a cost factor, many other benefits come along with outsourcing. Outsourcing allows companies to shift their whole attention on the quality of their core activities without facing the vulnerability of poor level of IT performance. Because no matter what industry a company is in, cost and pressure of having in-house IT solutions require the company to be an expert in IT industry which is difficult to achieve for any size organizations especially for entrepreneurs and small businesses, slowing down their productivity as well as slowing down the economy. Subcontracting IT activities to a specialized vendor company is indeed a win-win situation for the both end, enabling the organization to upgrade its IT performance and providing business to the vendor company. Moreover, with outsourcing, organizations can get access to variable IT skills and knowledge which potentially can improve their efficiency, and outsourcing makes accommodating any new IT innovations or changes in any industry easier to handle for organizations. Needless to mention the benefits of savings on investments in IT related infrastructure which can be spent towards organizations’ business expansion or something equally important. The benefits mentioned above can be substantial only if outsourcing is practiced arefully with good management. Otherwise, oversights of important issues can bring significant complications to the organizations. Based on the stories of unsuccessful outsourcing practices, the most considerable problems the organizations encounter are the lack of integration between vendor and client, hidden costs of training, miscalculation of proficiency of the vendor company, and sometimes differentiation of the client company can be compromised since the v endor company could be serving the competitor company as well. In terms of a company outsourcing its entire IT department from a service provider company, implementation of good collaboration and communication with each other often requires some time and patience from both sides due to the differences of cultural, geographical and preferred business practices. The fact that knowledge transfer is the most important term in IT outsourcing implies the integration process of vendor and client companies is more virtual than physical. That is why the people problems such as different interpretations of the contract, conflicts of two cultures and lack of preparation for integrated operation occur very often and if ignored, they could result negative impacts on both companies. Legal, economic, geographical and political environments of the country in which the client company outsources its IT activities are the most important but often ignored factors. When the host countries face civil war or natural disaster happens, the recovery costs the companies encounter are usually incalculable. IT outsourcing best practices Through weighting the positive and negative impacts of outsourcing carefully and planning the shifting process step by step, companies can successfully implement outsourcing to its daily business practices and convert it to one of its competitive advantages easily. Recommended best practices of IT outsourcing usually focus on good management and good assessment of choosing the partner. Maintaining good communication with your service provider before and after signing on the contract is also an essential part of setting up a sustainable IT solution for any company. Every company and every project has its own uniqueness therefore the service provider understands the detailed requirement is necessary. And the difficulties both side face due to the cultural and geographical differences can be resolved by committing to good communication. For example leaders of both sides should agree on set, clear objectives and stay committed to them when circumstances change. Although the cost reduction is the primary motive of outsourcing, overdoing it can compromise the organizations’ core activities. In today’s globalizing world, importance of maintaining good IT performance is greater than ever to the organizations’ wellbeing so that pursuing the lowest cost can have its own price. The reason why is that the vendor companies are also business institutions depending on their profits therefore in order to meet the client’s cost requirement they sometimes cut corners such as hiring under qualified staffs which consequently affect the quality of the client companies’ operation. In order to make the integration process easier, the outsourcers should put effort into finding compatible service providers. It is important to make sure that your service provider has organization cultures and preferred business practices similar to yours since they will become a part of the organization. Another essential outsourcing practice is to consider the service providers’ experience and capacities to assess whether they are skilled enough to maintain your company’s operation at all times. In terms of choosing their partner, organizations also should consider any expected future changes in the market and their future expansion plans as well as their competitors’ IT performance level. Political and social environments of the countries in which the vendor companies operate, should not be out of concern. Outsourcers should always be aware of the political situation of their host countries as well as social factors that could influence the quality of employees’ job performance. It is recommended to outsourcers to keep presence of representative on-site as a middle man so that they can have some kind of coordination over the execution of the IT activities. Representatives also work as a communication bridge between partners making sure each side understand their roles and responsibilities. Legal aspects Legal aspects of IT outsourcing might be the most complicated issues the enterprises encounter since it involves various types of laws such as international and domestic. International common laws such as Intellectual Property, Copyrights, Patent, Trade Secret, Privacy and Information security all need to be considered when a company makes an outsourcing related decision. Any outsourcing contract addresses the tangible and intangible issues and their legal implications as well as procedures in order to avoid lack of clarity. For example pricing is very important aspect of IT outsourcing contract and any possible uncertainty related to the pricing of service should be stated on the contract. Inflation, delays, manpower and material shortages and insolvency all must be concerned and put on the contract to regulate when situations mentioned above happens. Also outsourcing contract should be flexible to adjust any changes in performance, quality, and suitable to host country’s tax law, pension laws to solve staff related matters. Intangible issues on the other hand should be carefully thought through because they pose the highest risks on the organizations’ domestic and international operation. When companies outsource their entire or partial IT function, the risk of their customers’ valuable information such as social security numbers, medical history, credit card information to be exposed gets higher as well as their own internal secret information. A company must do risk assessment of the host country’s security environment by measuring how effective the laws referred to intellectual property, copyright, digital hacking and violation of privacy are. Unfortunately laws pertaining to privacy protection are not so effective in today’s most popular IT service provider countries such as China, India and Philippine. Therefore offshore IT centers and outsourcing companies must establish strong system together to protect themselves as well as their customers. Intellectual Property and Patent laws have strong presence in USA and European countries but they differ in host countries. Illegal use of one’s IT innovation such as software, source and know-how are not the front line concerns of governments of foreign countries right now, so outsourcers usually face tremendous risk of their intellectual property stolen and used against their products in the market. US companies’ trade secrets are also totally dependent on mutual trust and written agreements between two parts. There is no law enforcement system in the host countries to back up such written agreements. Basically, US companies pursuing offshore outsourcing as an IT strategy must consider domestic and international laws extremely and craft their outsourcing contracts focused on to minimize any risks they may encounter in unfamiliar legal environment. Sources: http://www. infoworld. com/d/adventures-in-it/13-best-practices-it-outsourcing-034? age=0,0 http://blog. everythingcu. com/2006/02/12/the-many-downsides-of-outsourcing/ http://www. cio. com/article/40380/Outsourcing_Definition_and_Solutions A Legal Perspective on Outsourcing and Offshoring, Sam Ramanujan; Sandhya Jane Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge; Mar 2006; 8, 2; ABI/INFORM Global Outsourcing best practices Outsourcing and Offshoring: The New IS Paradigm? , William R King Journal of Global Informat ion Technology Management; 2005; 8, 2; ABI/INFORM Global www. wikipedia. com How to cite Information Technology Outsourcing Management, Essays

Legitimacy, Representative Democracy free essay sample

What are three main strengths of Representative democracy? Representative democracy is a form of democracy which emerged in the 17th century that implements the majority of citizens in a state are represented by a minority of office holders, in the UK we have Representative Democracy through Parliament. Citizens are represented by Members of Parliament who are elected through their constituencies. Representative democracy is considered a more effective form of government than direct democracy because of the following such strengths, practically it would be considered unrealistic for citizens who are not so well-informed on political matters to make political decisions, therefore Representative democracy entails that citizens who lack political understanding may choose a representative who is educated on political concerns to make decisions on their behalf, in the UK citizens vote for which MP they want to represent their constituency, the winner of which would gain a seat in the House of Commons and represent the citizens of the respected constituency, another such strength of Representative democracy is that it does not allow for discrimination of any minority groups concerned, for example if Representative democracy had not been put into practice it would virtually almost always be the case that the non-property owning majority of a state would overrule the votes of the prop erty-owning minority (i. We will write a custom essay sample on Legitimacy, Representative Democracy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page e. landowners, merchants, manufacturers and entrepreneurs) in any decision, this would be considered undemocratic because it does not express the individual rights of the property-owning minority however if they are represented by one office holder such as a MP holding a constituency seat in the House of Commons, the concerns of all voters will be represented, a third strength of Representative democracy is that it is obviously more practical in the modern age to allow certain number of office holders to represent the decisions of the state’s citizens rather than to assemble all of its citizens en mass to exercise their democratic rights.